Package KDE applications easily for multiple distributions

Those that were at either CampKDE or FOSDEM might already know, so for those this is a status update, for the rest: I've been working on a tool that makes it quite easy to create packages in the openSUSE build service, which despite the name can create binary packages also for other distributions than openSUSE. If you've ever gotten a mail asking for a binary package of your application or help with a compile problem, this could make your life easier.

For example, imagine Joe Developer, who has written his KFoo application, uploaded it to http://kde-apps.org and is now watching what happens. But, alas, instead of thanks and praise, what often happens is that the first comment is something like "I get this compile error, can you help?" or "Are there packages for Kubuntu?".

It may be quite easy for Joe to see that the compile error is caused by libbar-devel not being installed, but how is he to know what the package is called in other distributions? The same way, how is he to provide binary packages for distributions he does not use? And that's far from all things that can go wrong in such case - Joe may be running KDE workspace 4.4, but somebody may be still on 4.3, where the application would nicely compile and run, if only one #ifdef would be added to the right place. But will Joe really downgrade his installation just in order to fix that, and again each time he does a release of KFoo? And then maybe somebody else will try to compile it on openSUSE Factory, which already uses GCC 4.5, and will get compile errors because the latest compiler is more strict than previous versions and rejects invalid code that however compiles just fine on Joe's computer. And so on and on.

Joe, of course, is a smart guy (after all, he's written this great KFoo app that everybody wants to run if only they could compile it :) ). He can get the idea to use VirtualBox and install other distros he could care about, and test in all of them. The question is how long he'd be really willing to do that, since it certainly sounds like a lot of fun (and lot of disk space, and work). And that still means that all those potentional users would have to compile KFoo from source.

Maybe distributions would eventually include KFoo, but there's this tricky loop 'nobody uses it' -> 'why should a distro include it' -> 'no distro ships it' -> 'nobody uses it'. Maybe Joe gets lucky, maybe he does not.

Sometimes other people may provide binary packages for the distribution they use, so if somebody likes KFoo enough (and knows how to do it), Joe may find a comment on kde-apps.org pointing to this package and can add it to the list of packages to download. Except this may and also may not work, depending on how well those packagers keep up. Having a binary package of KFoo-0.3 when the latest source tarball is KFoo-1.5 is probably worse than no binary package at all.

So Joe can go back to the VirtualBox installations and try to package KFoo for all those distributions. But Joe is a developer, not a packager, so first of all he'd have to learn how to actually do that (e.g. creating a .deb is quite different from .rpm, and even .rpm packages for different distros are not created exactly the same way). Worse, he is a developer, and, honestly, developers just love packaging, especially for multiple distributions, riiiiiight?

Now here comes the openSUSE build service (OBS), which as already said is not only used for creating the openSUSE distribution, but also provides the ability to create repositories providing additional software, also for non-openSUSE distributions. That almost looks like the solution for all the above problems, doesn't it? No need to install the distributions and do the builds locally, the OBS itself will do the building. New packages would be available very soon after updating the sources in the OBS. And kde-apps.org has even direct OBS support, so packages can have direct download links there.

There's still the problem of actually having to know how to do the packaging, but that is exactly what kde-obs-generator should help with. KDE applications in general happen to be simple to build, and thus quite simple to package (in fact, compared to some other pieces of software, KDE apps happen to be remarkably simple to package :) ). So a lot of that could be automated. In the best case, creating a KDE package in the OBS can be now a couple of clicks in the web interface, few osc commands (osc is the CLI tool for OBS) and running kde-obs-generator in the directory with the source tarball. I've already tested the tool with some packagers and they even started using it for real, because even for experienced people it saves work.

I still consider the tool to be experimental and work in progress, but it's already pretty usable. Currently it can handle Plasma themes, KDM themes, KPlash themes, wallpapers and generic KDE/Qt CMake-based builds. It tries to automatically figure out all the needed build dependencies (which however means the list of mappings from cmake to package names for all supported distributions needs to be extended as necessary). Also kde-obs-generator itself is packaged using kde-obs-generator. The biggest thing I've built so far is the whole of kdeutils, that's of course not how something like kdeutils should be packaged, but that shows it can handle quite a lot.

So, in case you'd like your application to reach more of its posible users, you'd like to ease your testing, or you're just curious, the documentation is in the openSUSE wiki. I'd especially like to point out the tutorial, which is really step by step and includes also things like how to create an account for the OBS, so maybe even a monkey could now create a package (well, assuming it can read and write and is pretty bright for a monkey ;) - this still cannot be as simple as just hitting Enter repeatedly). If there are any questions or a problem, see the feedback section (mail the opensuse-kde mailing list, or just ping me (llunak) in #opensuse-kde on Freenode).

PS: I'd appreciate if people using other distributions could edit the wiki page on how to actually install the binary packages in some easier way than going to http://download.opensuse.org, navigating to the right .rpm/.deb file and clicking on it. It's pretty easy with openSUSE so I assume there must be something simpler on other distributions too, but I can't find it.